Mediterranean area. Evergreen narrow columnar form famous in Italian landscapes. Needs free draining soil, tolerates very dry conditions. Aromatic timber.

Monocalypt, generally free of insect pests. Victoria and NSW in lower ranges and tablelands on poor dry soils, prefer low humidity, cold to -8C. Medium sized tree with rough fibrous stringy bark, timber is red, most suited to above ground exterior uses. Forms a lignotuber. Recommend planting in early Spring after chance of frosts.

Broadly spreading deciduous. Interesting finger-like cut-leaf. Slower growing, but ultimately growing into a large tree. Would make a fascinating small hedge. Add lime to acid soils. Rarely available.

Central & Southern Europe, N.W. Africa & S.W. Asia. Medium sized deciduous pioneer species. Tolerates dry and hot soils but best growth on deep moist soils, casting a heavy shade. Can be pollarded for stock feed. Buds pale brown, Leaves with 7-13 narrow leaflets, purplish autumn colour on some trees. Flowers in early spring, developing into bunches of brown samaras. Timber inferior in strength & elasticity to F. excelsior.