East and Central North America. Broadly columnar, deciduous. Clusters of small red flowers before the leaves. Bluey-white under the leaves, which turn bright red in autumn. Prefers moist soils and will tolerate swampy soils.

Selected columnar clone from Ohio, USA. Upright branching, useful in limited spaces. Colours red and yellow in autumn. Best in a moist site.

N.E.USA. Rather upright habit, deciduous. Holds autumn colour of crimson and orange-red longer than most. Prefers a moist site. Not suitable for windy sites.

Corsica, central and S. Italy. Broadly conical, deciduous, fast growing, roots penetrate deeply. Popular for horticultural shelterbelts, trims well into a narrow tall hedge. Sheds some leaves in drought conditions. Used as a nurse crop with oak and redwood providing mycorrhiza, nitrogen and side shade to reduce epicormic regrowth on pruned final crop trees.