Japan. Erect growing small deciduous tree. Dark green 7-11 lobed leaves, dark glistening red in autumn. Slow growing, suit small spaces, very cold hardy. Prefers moist sites.

Mexico to Northern Argentina, along the Andies. Broadly conical, evergreen in mild climates, fast growth on moist sites. Lighter green broader leaves than A. jorullensis. Hardwood timber used for furniture, construction, charcoal, pulp and good firewood.

Narrowly conical, deciduous for 6 weeks, frost tender in first winter. Performs well on dry Gisborne and Nelson hillsides. Narrow crown, deep roots holding the soil and shading is is minimal with good grass growth. Fixes nitrogen.

Broadly conical, deciduous. Vigorous growth and good form. Habitat beside rivers and will grow in very wet places. Tolerates salt winds better than the other alders. Good firewood crop to utilise wet ground. Timber durable under water.