Broadly columnar, deciduous. Vigorous grower. Dark purple leaves through the growing season turning reddish purple in autumn. An alternative to Copper beech.

Europe and south west Asia. Broadly columnar, deciduous. Vigorous grower. Tolerates harsh conditions. Can seed prolifically and provide fodder for grazing animals. In Central Otago it gives good yellow autumn colour.

S.E.China. Broadly spreading, deciduous. Smooth dark grey bark. Branchlets green with palmate green leaves with serrated edges. Similar in leaf shape, colour and habit to A. elegantulum. From lowland forests, suited to mild climates, rare in NZ.

East and Central North America. Broadly columnar, deciduous. Clusters of small red flowers before the leaves. Bluey-white under the leaves, which turn bright red in autumn. Prefers moist soils and will tolerate swampy soils.