Broadly spreading, deciduous. Grown for timber in Europe and widely used for hedging. Clips well. Light green in spring, golden copper in autumn and brown leaves retained all winter. Apply a heavy dressing of lime on clay soils. 1 year old - HEDGE spacing 40-60cm

Broadly spreading deciduous. Interesting finger-like cut-leaf. Slower growing, but ultimately growing into a large tree. Would make a fascinating small hedge. Add lime to acid soils. Rarely available.

Chile, Valdivia to Chiloe in rain forest with 2000-4000mm annual rainfall. Monotypic genus in the Cypress family, long- lived and heavily exploited. Timber elastic, light and durable, highly prized. Slow growing in summer dry Tasman.

Britain, Europe, Caucasus & Alborz Mts. (Iran). Broadly columnar, deciduous tree with stout greenish-grey shoots with jet black buds. Leaves with 7-13 coarsely serrate leaflets, late into leaf & early to fall. Flowers before the leaves, developing into bunches of 'keys'. Vigorous grower, best on deep moist to wet soils but tolerates much drier soils, enjoys limestone. Valuable light coloured hardwood timber for tool handles, sports goods, and joinery. Steams and bends well. Coppices readily, producing straight poles and rods. Great firewood, burns cut green.