Broadly columnar, deciduous. Vigorous grower. Dark purple leaves through the growing season turning reddish purple in autumn. An alternative to Copper beech.

Europe and south west Asia. Broadly columnar, deciduous. Vigorous grower. Tolerates harsh conditions. Can seed prolifically and provide fodder for grazing animals. In Central Otago it gives good yellow autumn colour.

East and Central North America. Broadly columnar, deciduous. Clusters of small red flowers before the leaves. Bluey-white under the leaves, which turn bright red in autumn. Prefers moist soils and will tolerate swampy soils.

Selected clone with brilliant orange and red autumn colour lasting several weeks, beginning before October Glory. Red Sunset judged the best clone for warmer Southern USA, may be best for milder parts of NZ.